Space Weather Dashboard

Live from NOAA

What Causes Auroras?

Auroras occur when charged particles from the Sun (solar wind) interact with Earth's magnetosphere. These particles travel along magnetic field lines to the poles, where they collide with atmospheric gases, producing the stunning light displays we know as Aurora Borealis (north) and Aurora Australis (south).

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Altitude

100–300 km above Earth

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Location

Arctic & Antarctic Circles

Colors

Green, Red, Blue, Purple

Green Color
Oxygen at ~100 km
Purple/Red
Nitrogen molecules
Solar Cycles
Peak every ~11 years

Best Time

10 PM – 2 AM local time, during new moon for darkest skies

Best Location

High latitudes (above 60°N / below 60°S), away from light pollution

Kp Index Guide

Kp 5+ needed at mid-latitudes. Kp 7+ visible as far south as 40°N

Photography

ISO 1600+, 15–30s exposure, wide angle lens, tripod essential